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The Meaning of Energy Security: Why Be Beholden to Foreign Suppliers?

Real energy security comes with reducing reliance on foreign fossil fuels through efficiency, solar, wind, ground source heat pumps, and etc., which are available to all countries.

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Making EU clean trade and investment partnerships deliver for resilience and decarbonisation

Border carbon pricing and product standards change the conditions under which carbon-intensive goods enter the EU market, but do not induce the transformation of the industrial assets that produce them. This report examines whether Clean Trade and Investment Partnerships (CTIPs) can help address this gap.

External Publication with Trevor Sutton • Institute for European Environmental Policy • November 01, 2026
Making EU clean trade and investment partnerships deliver for resilience and decarbonisation
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