Russia's isolation from the West following its invasion of Ukraine has given new impetus to the country’s already close cooperation with the Central Asian countries of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan,...
Unlike Russian crude oil exports, which in 2023 exceeded the volumes of 2021, Russia’s natural gas exports have dwindled by an estimated 42 percent since 2021, the year before the country invaded Ukraine.
Pipeline development in the Caspian region comes with geopolitical complexity. The countries directly involved in the Southern Gas Corridor (SGC)—Turkey and Azerbaijan—as well as Turkmenistan, Russia, and Iran...
The Southern Gas Corridor (SGC) aims to increase and diversify Europe’s energy supply by bringing gas resources from the Caspian Sea to European markets. Continuing her series analyzing...