Bob McNally, a Non-Resident Fellow at the Center on Global Energy Policy and former Special Assistant to the President on the National Economic Council from 2001-2003, published an op-ed in the Wall Street Journal critical of how the IEA’s mission has changed to where it is today. In response, Jason Bordoff, the Founding Director of the Center on Global Energy Policy, shared reflections and critiques of points made in the piece on LinkedIn.
Announcement• March 22, 2024
Energy Explained
Get the latest as our experts share their insights on global energy policy.
March 26, 2024, marks the 25th anniversary of operations at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). Located about 30 miles southeast of Carlsbad, New Mexico, in the Chihuahuan...
So far over this season we've traced the global lithium-ion battery supply chain from mining to processing to manufacturing. And we've put it all into a geopolitical and economic context.
This roundtable is open only to currently-enrolled Columbia University students. Please join the Center on Global Energy Policy at Columbia SIPA for a student-only breakfast and roundtable with...
Event
• Center on Global Energy Policy Large Conference Room
1255 Amsterdam Avenue
New York, NY 10027
About Us
We are the premier hub and policy institution for global energy thought leadership. Energy impacts every element of our lives, and our trusted fact-based research informs the decisions that affect all of us.
The annual Union Budget of India[1] presented by the central government to the Indian Parliament lays downs its economic and policy priorities for the year. The budget statement for the financial year 2023-24 presented at the beginning of this February has identified inclusive development and green growth among its seven key priorities.[2] To promote the growth of green energy sources, there has been a substantial increase in the budgetary allocation for a number of initiatives. This increase in government expenditure towards green initiatives is unprecedented and signals a significant step up in India’s efforts towards decarbonizing its economy. This post identifies the key components of this green growth budget and discusses their significance.
Financing a Green Energy Transition
The Budget has framed its green growth initiatives within the developmental paradigm of the Lifestyle for Environment (LiFE)[3] and Panchamrit[4] that India has championed as part of its climate strategy. Together, these propose a sustainable development strategy to achieve “decoupling economic growth and environmental degradation”. The focus of these efforts in the budget is on a faster ramp up of nonfossil electricity, notably solar and hydrogen; decarbonization of the transport sector; and using green bonds to finance this new infrastructure.
Nonfossil Electricity
The budgetary allocation towards increased renewable electricity has increased by nearly 50 percent over the previous year.[5] Even the relatively modest allocations in earlier years has resulted in a rapid growth of renewable capacity in the country (Figure 1). Once deployed, the substantial increase in budgetary allocation this year would support a much faster ramp up. Within this, the budget allocation for the solar power is $644.15 million, which is a 54 percent increase as compared to the last year’s allocation while that for the wind power sector increased by 15.6 percent.[6] In addition, the budgetary allocation to the two nuclear electricity generation companies has also increased by a substantial 42 percent.[7]
In addition, grid integration for new renewable energy projects proposed to be developed in the sparsely populated high-altitude desert in the north of the country, is being provided partial budgetary support. The government had previously announced a major initiative to develop 23 gigawatts (GW) of Ultra Mega Solar PV Projects in Ladakh.[8] This budget provides funding of $1 billion for building the transmission system to integrate 13 GW of this into the national grid. Among other notable initiatives, Battery Energy Storage Systems with capacity of 4 GW hours can now avail of Viability Gap Funding[9] and a scheme for pumped hydro storage will be formulated.[10] The largest allocation for energy transition initiatives is just over $4.2 billion in 2023-24[11] bucketed with the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas. However, it is difficult to determine its allocation between the various initiatives of the Ministry in 2023-24.[12]
National Hydrogen Mission
India has launched a National Hydrogen Mission with an objective of producing 5 million tonnes of green hydrogen by 2030 to replace fossil fuels.[13] The focus of the Mission is to partially replace natural gas use in urban areas by blending green hydrogen with natural gas in city gas distribution networks; using hydrogen-based synthetic fuels in the transport sector; and replacing fossil fuels in hard to abate sectors such as steel. For the first time, a budgetary allocation has been provided for the National Green Hydrogen Mission, $36 million dollars for 2023-24.[14] While this is notable, it is still modest compared to hydrogen programs in other countries.[15] The Hydrogen Mission document and the budget speech indicate an allocation of $2.4 billion for the Mission though this amount is likely to be disbursed over several years.[16]
Electric Mobility
To promote electric mobility, the budget has a number of proposals. India’s flagship policy ‘Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles’ (FAME) provides subsidies for purchasing electric vehicles (EVs).[17] This budget nearly doubles the allocation for this scheme to over $600 million over the previous year.[18] Given how quickly the adoption of EVs has grown in India with increased allocation for FAME in the past (Figure 2), this increase promises to deepen the penetration of EVs even further this year.
To encourage the development of a domestic EV manufacturing industry, import duties have been removed on equipment to manufacture of lithium-ion batteries for EVs.[19] In addition, a simplification of the import taxes structure would result in a reduction of the customs duty rates on imported batteries from 21 percent to 13 percent reducing the upfront cost of EVs. Another key move to reduce the share of fossil fuel vehicles used by government agencies is the continuation of the policy proposed in the 2021-22 budget[20] of the scrapping of government vehicles older than 15 years.[21]
The increased allocation for the development of green infrastructure, especially in electricity and transportation, should accelerate progress toward sustainable development epitomized in LiFE and Panchamrit. The budget is reinforcing year-on-year support for green initiatives with increasing allocation for key activities such as renewable electricity capacity growth and EVs sales. In addition, the budget has chosen to support long term infrastructure development such as the Ladakh transmission line and the newly formed National Hydrogen Mission. It will incentivize consumers and manufacturers with lower taxes for green products, such as EV batteries, while also enforcing the scrapping of old vehicles. In the end, a lot will come down to the timely execution of all these initiatives.
[9] The Viability Gap Funding Scheme of the Government of India provides financial support to infrastructure projects that are economically justified but fall marginally short of financial viability. https://www.pppinindia.gov.in/schemes-for-financial-support.
In 2022, European Union nuclear and hydro generation dropped by 118 terawatt-hours (TWh) and 71 TWh, respectively, preventing gas-fired generation from dropping and contributing to the gas crisis....
According to the United States government, certain Chinese producers have been circumventing US import duties by exporting solar energy equipment from Southeast Asian countries to the US. New...
It’s hard to be an offshore wind optimist these days. Four large offshore wind generation projects have been canceled in the past several weeks,[1] several more are on...
The following document includes the responses submitted to the Department of Energy following the request for information on proposed national definition of a zero emissions building.
Britain has been a global leader in reducing emissions, but little progress has been made on heat, which accounts for almost one-third of UK emissions and the largest single share is domestic heat, which is responsible for 17% of the national total.