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Columbia Energy Exchange

Debate on U.S. Sanctions Practice and Policy

The Center on Global Energy Policy, in collaboration with SIPA’s International Security Policy Concentration and the Journal of International Affairs, hosted a debate on U.S. sanctions practice and policy. The debate focused on the impacts of sanctions against companies, individuals, and countries, as well as on American citizens domestically and internationally.

Center Fellow Richard Nephew is a former Principal Deputy Coordinator for Sanctions Policy at the Department of State, a position he held from February 2013 to January 2015. Nephew also served as the lead sanctions expert for the U.S. team negotiating with Iran. From May 2011 to January 2013, Nephew served as the Director for Iran on the National Security Staff where he was responsible for managing a period of intense expansion of U.S. sanctions on Iran.

Eric Ferrari is a Sanctions Defense Attorney based in Washington, DC with over 12 years of experience in national security law, export controls, and U.S. economic sanctions. He counsels across industry sectors representing parties in a wide range of matters involving U.S. economic sanctions administered by Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC).

This event originally took place on April 4, 2016.

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Oil

America’s Toothless Sanctions on Russian Oil

Last month, the Trump administration imposed fresh sanctions on Russia’s two largest oil companies, Rosneft and Lukoil, signaling a renewed desire to drive Moscow to the negotiating table in its war against Ukraine. But although these measures have the potential to harm the Russian economy, just how much damage they inflict will depend largely on one actor: Beijing. China bought almost half the oil Russia exported in 2024, evading Washington’s existing restrictions in the process. And new sanctions alone will do little to push China into significantly reducing its purchases.

Op-eds & Essays with Erica Downs & Richard Nephew Foreign Affairs • November 24, 2025
America’s Toothless Sanctions on Russian Oil
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